Perl - NFC Bricklet¶

Scan For Tags¶

Download (example_scan_for_tags.pl)

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#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletNFC;

use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'XYZ'; # Change XYZ to the UID of your NFC Bricklet

my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
our $nfc = Tinkerforge::BrickletNFC->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object

# Callback subroutine for reader state changed callback
sub cb_reader_state_changed
{
    my ($state, $idle) = @_;

    if ($state == Tinkerforge::BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_READY) {
        my ($tag_type, $tag_id) = $nfc->reader_get_tag_id();
        my @tag_info;

        for my $v (@{$tag_id}) {
            push(@tag_info, sprintf("0x%02X", $v));
        }

        print "Found tag of type " . $tag_type . " with ID [" . join(" ", @tag_info) . "]\n";
    }

    if ($idle) {
        $nfc->reader_request_tag_id();
    }
}

$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected

# Register reader state changed callback to subroutine cb_reader_state_changed
$nfc->register_callback($nfc->CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED, 'cb_reader_state_changed');

# Enable reader mode
$nfc->set_mode($nfc->MODE_READER);

print "Press key to exit\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();

Emulate Ndef¶

Download (example_emulate_ndef.pl)

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#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletNFC;

use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'XYZ'; # Change XYZ to the UID of your NFC Bricklet
use constant NDEF_URI => "www.tinkerforge.com";

my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
our $nfc = Tinkerforge::BrickletNFC->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object

# Callback subroutine for cardemu state changed callback
sub cb_cardemu_state_changed
{
    my ($state, $idle) = @_;

    if ($state == $nfc->CARDEMU_STATE_IDLE) {
        my @ndef_record_uri = (
            0xD1,                  # MB/ME/CF/SR=1/IL/TNF
            0x01,                  # TYPE LENGTH
            length(&NDEF_URI) + 1, # Length
            ord("U"),              # Type
            4                      # Status
        );

        for my $v (split('', &NDEF_URI)) {
            push(@ndef_record_uri, ord($v));
        }

        $nfc->cardemu_write_ndef(\@ndef_record_uri);
        $nfc->cardemu_start_discovery();
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->CARDEMU_STATE_DISCOVER_READY) {
        $nfc->cardemu_start_transfer($nfc->CARDEMU_TRANSFER_WRITE);
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->CARDEMU_STATE_DISCOVER_ERROR) {
        print "Discover error\n";
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->CARDEMU_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_ERROR) {
        print "Transfer NDEF error\n";
    }
}

$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected

# Register cardemu state changed callback to subroutine cb_cardemu_state_changed
$nfc->register_callback($nfc->CALLBACK_CARDEMU_STATE_CHANGED, 'cb_cardemu_state_changed');

# Enable cardemu mode
$nfc->set_mode($nfc->MODE_CARDEMU);

print "Press key to exit\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();

Write Read Type2¶

Download (example_write_read_type2.pl)

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#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Data::Dump;
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletNFC;

use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'XYZ'; # Change XYZ to the UID of your NFC Bricklet

my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
our $nfc = Tinkerforge::BrickletNFC->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object

# Callback subroutine for reader state changed callback
sub cb_reader_state_changed
{
    my ($state, $idle) = @_;

    if ($state == $nfc->READER_STATE_IDLE) {
        $nfc->reader_request_tag_id();
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_READY) {
        my @ret = $nfc->reader_get_tag_id();
        my @tag_id_bytes;

        if($ret[0] != $nfc->TAG_TYPE_TYPE2) {
            print "Tag is not type-2\n";
            return;
        }

        for my $v (@{$ret[1]}) {
            push(@tag_id_bytes, sprintf("0x%X", $v));
        }

        print "Found tag of type " . $ret[0] . " with ID [" . join(" ", @tag_id_bytes). "]\n";

        $nfc->reader_request_page(1, 4);
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_ERROR) {
        print "Request tag ID error\n";
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->READER_STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_READY) {
        my @page = @{$nfc->reader_read_page()};

        printf "Page read: 0x%X 0x%X 0x%X 0x%X\n", $page[0], $page[1], $page[2], $page[3];
        $nfc->reader_write_page(1, \@page);
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->READER_STATE_WRITE_PAGE_READY) {
        print "Write page ready\n";
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->READER_STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_ERROR) {
        print "Request page error\n";
    }
    elsif ($state == $nfc->READER_STATE_WRITE_PAGE_ERROR) {
        print "Page write error\n";
    }
}

$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected

# Register reader state changed callback to subroutine cb_reader_state_changed
$nfc->register_callback($nfc->CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED, 'cb_reader_state_changed');

# Enable reader mode
$nfc->set_mode($nfc->MODE_READER);

print "Press key to exit\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();

Basic Functions¶

BrickletNFC->new($uid, $ipcon)¶

Parameters:	$uid – Type: string $ipcon – Type: IPConnection
Returns:	$nfc – Type: BrickletNFC

Creates an object with the unique device ID $uid:

$nfc = BrickletNFC->new("YOUR_DEVICE_UID", $ipcon);

This object can then be used after the IP Connection is connected.

BrickletNFC->set_mode($mode)¶

Parameters:	$mode – Type: int, Range: See constants, Default: 0
Returns:	undef

Sets the mode. The NFC Bricklet supports four modes:

• Off
• Card Emulation (Cardemu): Emulates a tag for other readers
• Peer to Peer (P2P): Exchange data with other readers
• Reader: Reads and writes tags
• Simple: Automatically reads tag IDs

If you change a mode, the Bricklet will reconfigure the hardware for this mode. Therefore, you can only use functions corresponding to the current mode. For example, in Reader mode you can only use Reader functions.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $mode:

• BrickletNFC->MODE_OFF = 0
• BrickletNFC->MODE_CARDEMU = 1
• BrickletNFC->MODE_P2P = 2
• BrickletNFC->MODE_READER = 3
• BrickletNFC->MODE_SIMPLE = 4

BrickletNFC->get_mode()¶

Returns:	$mode – Type: int, Range: See constants, Default: 0

Returns the mode as set by set_mode().

The following constants are available for this function:

For $mode:

• BrickletNFC->MODE_OFF = 0
• BrickletNFC->MODE_CARDEMU = 1
• BrickletNFC->MODE_P2P = 2
• BrickletNFC->MODE_READER = 3
• BrickletNFC->MODE_SIMPLE = 4

BrickletNFC->reader_request_tag_id()¶

Returns:	undef

After you call reader_request_tag_id() the NFC Bricklet will try to read the tag ID from the tag. After this process is done the state will change. You can either register the CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback or you can poll reader_get_state() to find out about the state change.

If the state changes to ReaderRequestTagIDError it means that either there was no tag present or that the tag has an incompatible type. If the state changes to ReaderRequestTagIDReady it means that a compatible tag was found and that the tag ID has been saved. You can now read out the tag ID by calling reader_get_tag_id().

If two tags are in the proximity of the NFC Bricklet, this function will cycle through the tags. To select a specific tag you have to call reader_request_tag_id() until the correct tag ID is found.

In case of any ReaderError state the selection is lost and you have to start again by calling reader_request_tag_id().

BrickletNFC->reader_get_tag_id()¶

Return Array:	0: $tag_type – Type: int, Range: See constants 1: \@tag_id – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the tag type and the tag ID. This function can only be called if the NFC Bricklet is currently in one of the ReaderReady states. The returned tag ID is the tag ID that was saved through the last call of reader_request_tag_id().

To get the tag ID of a tag the approach is as follows:

1. Call reader_request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to ReaderRequestTagIDReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. Call reader_get_tag_id()

The following constants are available for this function:

For $tag_type:

• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_MIFARE_CLASSIC = 0
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE1 = 1
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE2 = 2
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE3 = 3
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE4 = 4
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE5 = 5

BrickletNFC->reader_get_state()¶

Return Array:	0: $state – Type: int, Range: See constants 1: $idle – Type: bool

Returns the current reader state of the NFC Bricklet.

On startup the Bricklet will be in the ReaderInitialization state. The initialization will only take about 20ms. After that it changes to ReaderIdle.

The Bricklet is also reinitialized if the mode is changed, see set_mode().

The functions of this Bricklet can be called in the ReaderIdle state and all of the ReaderReady and ReaderError states.

Example: If you call reader_request_page(), the state will change to ReaderRequestPage until the reading of the page is finished. Then it will change to either ReaderRequestPageReady if it worked or to ReaderRequestPageError if it didn't. If the request worked you can get the page by calling reader_read_page().

The same approach is used analogously for the other API functions.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $state:

• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_INITIALIZATION = 0
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_IDLE = 128
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_ERROR = 192
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID = 2
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_READY = 130
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_ERROR = 194
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE = 3
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE_READY = 131
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE_ERROR = 195
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_PAGE = 4
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_PAGE_READY = 132
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_PAGE_ERROR = 196
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_PAGE = 5
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_READY = 133
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_ERROR = 197
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_NDEF = 6
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_NDEF_READY = 134
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_NDEF_ERROR = 198
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_NDEF = 7
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_NDEF_READY = 135
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_NDEF_ERROR = 199

BrickletNFC->reader_write_ndef(\@ndef)¶

Parameters:	\@ndef – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	undef

Writes NDEF formated data.

This function currently supports NFC Forum Type 2, 4, 5 and Mifare Classic.

The general approach for writing a NDEF message is as follows:

1. Call reader_request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to ReaderRequestTagIDReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. If looking for a specific tag then call reader_get_tag_id() and check if the expected tag was found, if it was not found got back to step 1
4. Call reader_write_ndef() with the NDEF message that you want to write
5. Wait for state to change to ReaderWriteNDEFReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)

BrickletNFC->reader_request_ndef()¶

Returns:	undef

Reads NDEF formated data from a tag.

This function currently supports NFC Forum Type 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Mifare Classic.

The general approach for reading a NDEF message is as follows:

1. Call reader_request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to RequestTagIDReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. If looking for a specific tag then call reader_get_tag_id() and check if the expected tag was found, if it was not found got back to step 1
4. Call reader_request_ndef()
5. Wait for state to change to ReaderRequestNDEFReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
6. Call reader_read_ndef() to retrieve the NDEF message from the buffer

BrickletNFC->reader_read_ndef()¶

Returns:	\@ndef – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the NDEF data from an internal buffer. To fill the buffer with a NDEF message you have to call reader_request_ndef() beforehand.

BrickletNFC->reader_authenticate_mifare_classic_page($page, $key_number, \@key)¶

Parameters:	$page – Type: int, Range: [0 to 216 - 1] $key_number – Type: int, Range: See constants \@key – Type: [int, ...], Length: 6, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	undef

Mifare Classic tags use authentication. If you want to read from or write to a Mifare Classic page you have to authenticate it beforehand. Each page can be authenticated with two keys: A (key_number = 0) and B (key_number = 1). A new Mifare Classic tag that has not yet been written to can be accessed with key A and the default key [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF].

The approach to read or write a Mifare Classic page is as follows:

1. Call reader_request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to ReaderRequestTagIDReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. If looking for a specific tag then call reader_get_tag_id() and check if the expected tag was found, if it was not found got back to step 1
4. Call reader_authenticate_mifare_classic_page() with page and key for the page
5. Wait for state to change to ReaderAuthenticatingMifareClassicPageReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
6. Call reader_request_page() or reader_write_page() to read/write page

The authentication will always work for one whole sector (4 pages).

The following constants are available for this function:

For $key_number:

• BrickletNFC->KEY_A = 0
• BrickletNFC->KEY_B = 1

BrickletNFC->reader_write_page($page, \@data)¶

Parameters:	$page – Type: int, Range: See constants \@data – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	undef

Writes a maximum of 8192 bytes starting from the given page. How many pages are written depends on the tag type. The page sizes are as follows:

• Mifare Classic page size: 16 byte
• NFC Forum Type 1 page size: 8 byte
• NFC Forum Type 2 page size: 4 byte
• NFC Forum Type 3 page size: 16 byte
• NFC Forum Type 4: No pages, page = file selection (CC or NDEF, see below)
• NFC Forum Type 5 page size: 4 byte

The general approach for writing to a tag is as follows:

1. Call reader_request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to ReaderRequestTagIDReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. If looking for a specific tag then call reader_get_tag_id() and check if the expected tag was found, if it was not found got back to step 1
4. Call reader_write_page() with page number and data
5. Wait for state to change to ReaderWritePageReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)

If you use a Mifare Classic tag you have to authenticate a page before you can write to it. See reader_authenticate_mifare_classic_page().

NFC Forum Type 4 tags are not organized into pages but different files. We currently support two files: Capability Container file (CC) and NDEF file.

Choose CC by setting page to 3 or NDEF by setting page to 4.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $page:

• BrickletNFC->READER_WRITE_TYPE4_CAPABILITY_CONTAINER = 3
• BrickletNFC->READER_WRITE_TYPE4_NDEF = 4

BrickletNFC->reader_request_page($page, $length)¶

Parameters:	$page – Type: int, Range: See constants $length – Type: int, Range: [0 to 213]
Returns:	undef

Reads a maximum of 8192 bytes starting from the given page and stores them into a buffer. The buffer can then be read out with reader_read_page(). How many pages are read depends on the tag type. The page sizes are as follows:

• Mifare Classic page size: 16 byte
• NFC Forum Type 1 page size: 8 byte
• NFC Forum Type 2 page size: 4 byte
• NFC Forum Type 3 page size: 16 byte
• NFC Forum Type 4: No pages, page = file selection (CC or NDEF, see below)
• NFC Forum Type 5 page size: 4 byte

The general approach for reading a tag is as follows:

1. Call reader_request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to RequestTagIDReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. If looking for a specific tag then call reader_get_tag_id() and check if the expected tag was found, if it was not found got back to step 1
4. Call reader_request_page() with page number
5. Wait for state to change to ReaderRequestPageReady (see reader_get_state() or CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED callback)
6. Call reader_read_page() to retrieve the page from the buffer

If you use a Mifare Classic tag you have to authenticate a page before you can read it. See reader_authenticate_mifare_classic_page().

NFC Forum Type 4 tags are not organized into pages but different files. We currently support two files: Capability Container file (CC) and NDEF file.

Choose CC by setting page to 3 or NDEF by setting page to 4.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $page:

• BrickletNFC->READER_REQUEST_TYPE4_CAPABILITY_CONTAINER = 3
• BrickletNFC->READER_REQUEST_TYPE4_NDEF = 4

BrickletNFC->reader_read_page()¶

Returns:	\@data – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the page data from an internal buffer. To fill the buffer with specific pages you have to call reader_request_page() beforehand.

BrickletNFC->cardemu_get_state()¶

Return Array:	0: $state – Type: int, Range: See constants 1: $idle – Type: bool

Returns the current cardemu state of the NFC Bricklet.

On startup the Bricklet will be in the CardemuInitialization state. The initialization will only take about 20ms. After that it changes to CardemuIdle.

The Bricklet is also reinitialized if the mode is changed, see set_mode().

The functions of this Bricklet can be called in the CardemuIdle state and all of the CardemuReady and CardemuError states.

Example: If you call cardemu_start_discovery(), the state will change to CardemuDiscover until the discovery is finished. Then it will change to either CardemuDiscoverReady if it worked or to CardemuDiscoverError if it didn't.

The same approach is used analogously for the other API functions.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $state:

• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_INITIALIZATION = 0
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_IDLE = 128
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_ERROR = 192
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_DISCOVER = 2
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_DISCOVER_READY = 130
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_DISCOVER_ERROR = 194
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF = 3
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_READY = 131
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_ERROR = 195

BrickletNFC->cardemu_start_discovery()¶

Returns:	undef

Starts the discovery process. If you call this function while a NFC reader device is near to the NFC Bricklet the state will change from CardemuDiscovery to CardemuDiscoveryReady.

If no NFC reader device can be found or if there is an error during discovery the cardemu state will change to CardemuDiscoveryError. In this case you have to restart the discovery process.

If the cardemu state changes to CardemuDiscoveryReady you can start the NDEF message transfer with cardemu_write_ndef() and cardemu_start_transfer().

BrickletNFC->cardemu_write_ndef(\@ndef)¶

Parameters:	\@ndef – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	undef

Writes the NDEF message that is to be transferred to the NFC peer.

The maximum supported NDEF message size in Cardemu mode is 255 byte.

You can call this function at any time in Cardemu mode. The internal buffer will not be overwritten until you call this function again or change the mode.

BrickletNFC->cardemu_start_transfer($transfer)¶

Parameters:	$transfer – Type: int, Range: See constants
Returns:	undef

You can start the transfer of a NDEF message if the cardemu state is CardemuDiscoveryReady.

Before you call this function to start a write transfer, the NDEF message that is to be transferred has to be written via cardemu_write_ndef() first.

After you call this function the state will change to CardemuTransferNDEF. It will change to CardemuTransferNDEFReady if the transfer was successful or CardemuTransferNDEFError if it wasn't.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $transfer:

• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_TRANSFER_ABORT = 0
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_TRANSFER_WRITE = 1

BrickletNFC->p2p_get_state()¶

Return Array:	0: $state – Type: int, Range: See constants 1: $idle – Type: bool

Returns the current P2P state of the NFC Bricklet.

On startup the Bricklet will be in the P2PInitialization state. The initialization will only take about 20ms. After that it changes to P2PIdle.

The Bricklet is also reinitialized if the mode is changed, see set_mode().

The functions of this Bricklet can be called in the P2PIdle state and all of the P2PReady and P2PError states.

Example: If you call p2p_start_discovery(), the state will change to P2PDiscover until the discovery is finished. Then it will change to either P2PDiscoverReady* if it worked or to P2PDiscoverError if it didn't.

The same approach is used analogously for the other API functions.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $state:

• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_INITIALIZATION = 0
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_IDLE = 128
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_ERROR = 192
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_DISCOVER = 2
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_DISCOVER_READY = 130
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_DISCOVER_ERROR = 194
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF = 3
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_READY = 131
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_ERROR = 195

BrickletNFC->p2p_start_discovery()¶

Returns:	undef

Starts the discovery process. If you call this function while another NFC P2P enabled device is near to the NFC Bricklet the state will change from P2PDiscovery to P2PDiscoveryReady.

If no NFC P2P enabled device can be found or if there is an error during discovery the P2P state will change to P2PDiscoveryError. In this case you have to restart the discovery process.

If the P2P state changes to P2PDiscoveryReady you can start the NDEF message transfer with p2p_start_transfer().

BrickletNFC->p2p_write_ndef(\@ndef)¶

Parameters:	\@ndef – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	undef

Writes the NDEF message that is to be transferred to the NFC peer.

The maximum supported NDEF message size for P2P transfer is 255 byte.

You can call this function at any time in P2P mode. The internal buffer will not be overwritten until you call this function again, change the mode or use P2P to read an NDEF messages.

BrickletNFC->p2p_start_transfer($transfer)¶

Parameters:	$transfer – Type: int, Range: See constants
Returns:	undef

You can start the transfer of a NDEF message if the P2P state is P2PDiscoveryReady.

Before you call this function to start a write transfer, the NDEF message that is to be transferred has to be written via p2p_write_ndef() first.

After you call this function the P2P state will change to P2PTransferNDEF. It will change to P2PTransferNDEFReady if the transfer was successfull or P2PTransferNDEFError if it wasn't.

If you started a write transfer you are now done. If you started a read transfer you can now use p2p_read_ndef() to read the NDEF message that was written by the NFC peer.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $transfer:

• BrickletNFC->P2P_TRANSFER_ABORT = 0
• BrickletNFC->P2P_TRANSFER_WRITE = 1
• BrickletNFC->P2P_TRANSFER_READ = 2

BrickletNFC->p2p_read_ndef()¶

Returns:	\@ndef – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the NDEF message that was written by a NFC peer in NFC P2P mode.

The NDEF message is ready if you called p2p_start_transfer() with a read transfer and the P2P state changed to P2PTransferNDEFReady.

BrickletNFC->simple_get_tag_id($index)¶

Parameters:	$index – Type: int, Range: [0 to 7]
Return Array:	0: $tag_type – Type: int, Range: See constants 1: \@tag_id – Type: [int, ...], Length: variable, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $last_seen – Type: int, Unit: 1 ms, Range: [0 to 232 - 1]

Returns the tag type and tag ID from simple mode sorted by last seen time for a given index.

Up to eight tags are saved.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $tag_type:

• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_MIFARE_CLASSIC = 0
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE1 = 1
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE2 = 2
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE3 = 3
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE4 = 4
• BrickletNFC->TAG_TYPE_TYPE5 = 5

New in version 2.0.6 (Plugin).

BrickletNFC->cardemu_set_tag_id($tag_id_length, \@tag_id_data)¶

Parameters:	$tag_id_length – Type: int, Range: [0 to 7] \@tag_id_data – Type: [int, ...], Length: 7, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	undef

Sets the tag ID for cardemu mode. The tag ID can either have a length of 4 or 7.

Set a length of 0 for random tag ID (default)

New in version 2.1.0 (Plugin).

BrickletNFC->cardemu_get_tag_id()¶

Return Array:	0: $tag_id_length – Type: int, Range: [0 to 7] 1: \@tag_id_data – Type: [int, ...], Length: 7, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the tag ID and length as set by cardemu_set_tag_id().

New in version 2.1.0 (Plugin).

Advanced Functions¶

BrickletNFC->set_detection_led_config($config)¶

Parameters:	$config – Type: int, Range: See constants, Default: 3
Returns:	undef

Sets the detection LED configuration. By default the LED shows if a card/reader is detected.

You can also turn the LED permanently on/off or show a heartbeat.

If the Bricklet is in bootloader mode, the LED is off.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $config:

• BrickletNFC->DETECTION_LED_CONFIG_OFF = 0
• BrickletNFC->DETECTION_LED_CONFIG_ON = 1
• BrickletNFC->DETECTION_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_HEARTBEAT = 2
• BrickletNFC->DETECTION_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_DETECTION = 3

BrickletNFC->get_detection_led_config()¶

Returns:	$config – Type: int, Range: See constants, Default: 3

Returns the configuration as set by set_detection_led_config()

The following constants are available for this function:

For $config:

• BrickletNFC->DETECTION_LED_CONFIG_OFF = 0
• BrickletNFC->DETECTION_LED_CONFIG_ON = 1
• BrickletNFC->DETECTION_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_HEARTBEAT = 2
• BrickletNFC->DETECTION_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_DETECTION = 3

BrickletNFC->set_maximum_timeout($timeout)¶

Parameters:	$timeout – Type: int, Unit: 1 ms, Range: [0 to 216 - 1], Default: 2000
Returns:	undef

Sets the maximum timeout.

This is a global maximum used for all internal state timeouts. The timeouts depend heavily on the used tags etc. For example: If you use a Type 2 tag and you want to detect if it is present, you have to use reader_request_tag_id() and wait for the state to change to either the error state or the ready state.

With the default configuration this takes 2-3 seconds. By setting the maximum timeout to 100ms you can reduce this time to ~150-200ms. For Type 2 this would also still work with a 20ms timeout (a Type 2 tag answers usually within 10ms). A type 4 tag can take up to 500ms in our tests.

If you need a fast response time to discover if a tag is present or not you can find a good timeout value by trial and error for your specific tag.

By default we use a very conservative timeout, to be sure that any tag can always answer in time.

New in version 2.0.1 (Plugin).

BrickletNFC->get_maximum_timeout()¶

Returns:	$timeout – Type: int, Unit: 1 ms, Range: [0 to 216 - 1], Default: 2000

Returns the timeout as set by set_maximum_timeout()

New in version 2.0.1 (Plugin).

BrickletNFC->get_spitfp_error_count()¶

Return Array:	0: $error_count_ack_checksum – Type: int, Range: [0 to 232 - 1] 1: $error_count_message_checksum – Type: int, Range: [0 to 232 - 1] 2: $error_count_frame – Type: int, Range: [0 to 232 - 1] 3: $error_count_overflow – Type: int, Range: [0 to 232 - 1]

Returns the error count for the communication between Brick and Bricklet.

The errors are divided into

• ACK checksum errors,
• message checksum errors,
• framing errors and
• overflow errors.

The errors counts are for errors that occur on the Bricklet side. All Bricks have a similar function that returns the errors on the Brick side.

BrickletNFC->set_status_led_config($config)¶

Parameters:	$config – Type: int, Range: See constants, Default: 3
Returns:	undef

Sets the status LED configuration. By default the LED shows communication traffic between Brick and Bricklet, it flickers once for every 10 received data packets.

You can also turn the LED permanently on/off or show a heartbeat.

If the Bricklet is in bootloader mode, the LED is will show heartbeat by default.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $config:

• BrickletNFC->STATUS_LED_CONFIG_OFF = 0
• BrickletNFC->STATUS_LED_CONFIG_ON = 1
• BrickletNFC->STATUS_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_HEARTBEAT = 2
• BrickletNFC->STATUS_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_STATUS = 3

BrickletNFC->get_status_led_config()¶

Returns:	$config – Type: int, Range: See constants, Default: 3

Returns the configuration as set by set_status_led_config()

The following constants are available for this function:

For $config:

• BrickletNFC->STATUS_LED_CONFIG_OFF = 0
• BrickletNFC->STATUS_LED_CONFIG_ON = 1
• BrickletNFC->STATUS_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_HEARTBEAT = 2
• BrickletNFC->STATUS_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_STATUS = 3

BrickletNFC->get_chip_temperature()¶

Returns:	$temperature – Type: int, Unit: 1 °C, Range: [-215 to 215 - 1]

Returns the temperature as measured inside the microcontroller. The value returned is not the ambient temperature!

The temperature is only proportional to the real temperature and it has bad accuracy. Practically it is only useful as an indicator for temperature changes.

BrickletNFC->reset()¶

Returns:	undef

Calling this function will reset the Bricklet. All configurations will be lost.

After a reset you have to create new device objects, calling functions on the existing ones will result in undefined behavior!

BrickletNFC->get_identity()¶

Return Array:

0: $uid – Type: string, Length: up to 8 1: $connected_uid – Type: string, Length: up to 8 2: $position – Type: char, Range: ['a' to 'h', 'z'] 3: \@hardware_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 4: \@firmware_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 5: $device_identifier – Type: int, Range: [0 to 216 - 1]

Returns the UID, the UID where the Bricklet is connected to, the position, the hardware and firmware version as well as the device identifier.

The position can be 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' or 'h' (Bricklet Port). A Bricklet connected to an Isolator Bricklet is always at position 'z'.

The device identifier numbers can be found here. There is also a constant for the device identifier of this Bricklet.

Callback Configuration Functions¶

BrickletNFC->register_callback($callback_id, $function)¶

Parameters:	$callback_id – Type: int $function – Type: string
Returns:	undef

Registers the given $function name with the given $callback_id.

The available callback IDs with corresponding function signatures are listed below.

Callbacks¶

Callbacks can be registered to receive time critical or recurring data from the device. The registration is done with the register_callback() function of the device object. The first parameter is the callback ID and the second parameter the callback function name:

sub my_callback
{
    print "@_[0]";
}

$nfc->register_callback(BrickletNFC->CALLBACK_EXAMPLE, 'my_callback')

The callback function will be called from an internal thread of the IP Connection. In contrast to many other programming languages, variables are not automatically shared between threads in Perl. If you want to share a global variable between a callback function and the rest for your program it has to be marked as :shared. See the documentation of the threads::shared Perl module for more details.

The available constants with inherent number and type of parameters are described below.

BrickletNFC->CALLBACK_READER_STATE_CHANGED¶

Callback Parameters:	$state – Type: int, Range: See constants $idle – Type: bool

This callback is called if the reader state of the NFC Bricklet changes. See reader_get_state() for more information about the possible states.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $state:

• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_INITIALIZATION = 0
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_IDLE = 128
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_ERROR = 192
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID = 2
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_READY = 130
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_ERROR = 194
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE = 3
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE_READY = 131
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE_ERROR = 195
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_PAGE = 4
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_PAGE_READY = 132
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_PAGE_ERROR = 196
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_PAGE = 5
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_READY = 133
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_ERROR = 197
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_NDEF = 6
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_NDEF_READY = 134
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_WRITE_NDEF_ERROR = 198
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_NDEF = 7
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_NDEF_READY = 135
• BrickletNFC->READER_STATE_REQUEST_NDEF_ERROR = 199

BrickletNFC->CALLBACK_CARDEMU_STATE_CHANGED¶

Callback Parameters:	$state – Type: int, Range: See constants $idle – Type: bool

This callback is called if the cardemu state of the NFC Bricklet changes. See cardemu_get_state() for more information about the possible states.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $state:

• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_INITIALIZATION = 0
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_IDLE = 128
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_ERROR = 192
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_DISCOVER = 2
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_DISCOVER_READY = 130
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_DISCOVER_ERROR = 194
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF = 3
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_READY = 131
• BrickletNFC->CARDEMU_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_ERROR = 195

BrickletNFC->CALLBACK_P2P_STATE_CHANGED¶

Callback Parameters:	$state – Type: int, Range: See constants $idle – Type: bool

This callback is called if the P2P state of the NFC Bricklet changes. See p2p_get_state() for more information about the possible states.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $state:

• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_INITIALIZATION = 0
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_IDLE = 128
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_ERROR = 192
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_DISCOVER = 2
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_DISCOVER_READY = 130
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_DISCOVER_ERROR = 194
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF = 3
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_READY = 131
• BrickletNFC->P2P_STATE_TRANSFER_NDEF_ERROR = 195

Virtual Functions¶

Virtual functions don't communicate with the device itself, but operate only on the API bindings device object. They can be called without the corresponding IP Connection object being connected.

BrickletNFC->get_api_version()¶

Return Array:	0: \@api_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the version of the API definition implemented by this API bindings. This is neither the release version of this API bindings nor does it tell you anything about the represented Brick or Bricklet.

BrickletNFC->get_response_expected($function_id)¶

Parameters:	$function_id – Type: int, Range: See constants
Returns:	$response_expected – Type: bool

Returns the response expected flag for the function specified by the function ID parameter. It is true if the function is expected to send a response, false otherwise.

For getter functions this is enabled by default and cannot be disabled, because those functions will always send a response. For callback configuration functions it is enabled by default too, but can be disabled by set_response_expected(). For setter functions it is disabled by default and can be enabled.

Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is sent and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $function_id:

• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_MODE = 1
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_REQUEST_TAG_ID = 3
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_WRITE_NDEF = 6
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_REQUEST_NDEF = 7
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE = 9
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_WRITE_PAGE = 10
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_REQUEST_PAGE = 11
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_CARDEMU_START_DISCOVERY = 15
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_CARDEMU_WRITE_NDEF = 16
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_CARDEMU_START_TRANSFER = 17
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_P2P_START_DISCOVERY = 20
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_P2P_WRITE_NDEF = 21
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_P2P_START_TRANSFER = 22
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_DETECTION_LED_CONFIG = 25
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT = 27
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_CARDEMU_SET_TAG_ID = 30
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_WRITE_FIRMWARE_POINTER = 237
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_STATUS_LED_CONFIG = 239
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_RESET = 243
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_WRITE_UID = 248

BrickletNFC->set_response_expected($function_id, $response_expected)¶

Parameters:	$function_id – Type: int, Range: See constants $response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	undef

Changes the response expected flag of the function specified by the function ID parameter. This flag can only be changed for setter (default value: false) and callback configuration functions (default value: true). For getter functions it is always enabled.

Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is sent and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $function_id:

• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_MODE = 1
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_REQUEST_TAG_ID = 3
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_WRITE_NDEF = 6
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_REQUEST_NDEF = 7
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE = 9
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_WRITE_PAGE = 10
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_READER_REQUEST_PAGE = 11
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_CARDEMU_START_DISCOVERY = 15
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_CARDEMU_WRITE_NDEF = 16
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_CARDEMU_START_TRANSFER = 17
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_P2P_START_DISCOVERY = 20
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_P2P_WRITE_NDEF = 21
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_P2P_START_TRANSFER = 22
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_DETECTION_LED_CONFIG = 25
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT = 27
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_CARDEMU_SET_TAG_ID = 30
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_WRITE_FIRMWARE_POINTER = 237
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_SET_STATUS_LED_CONFIG = 239
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_RESET = 243
• BrickletNFC->FUNCTION_WRITE_UID = 248

BrickletNFC->set_response_expected_all($response_expected)¶

Parameters:	$response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	undef

Changes the response expected flag for all setter and callback configuration functions of this device at once.

Internal Functions¶

Internal functions are used for maintenance tasks such as flashing a new firmware of changing the UID of a Bricklet. These task should be performed using Brick Viewer instead of using the internal functions directly.

BrickletNFC->set_bootloader_mode($mode)¶

Parameters:	$mode – Type: int, Range: See constants
Returns:	$status – Type: int, Range: See constants

Sets the bootloader mode and returns the status after the requested mode change was instigated.

You can change from bootloader mode to firmware mode and vice versa. A change from bootloader mode to firmware mode will only take place if the entry function, device identifier and CRC are present and correct.

This function is used by Brick Viewer during flashing. It should not be necessary to call it in a normal user program.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $mode:

• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_BOOTLOADER = 0
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE = 1
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_BOOTLOADER_WAIT_FOR_REBOOT = 2
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE_WAIT_FOR_REBOOT = 3
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE_WAIT_FOR_ERASE_AND_REBOOT = 4

For $status:

• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_STATUS_OK = 0
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_STATUS_INVALID_MODE = 1
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_STATUS_NO_CHANGE = 2
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_STATUS_ENTRY_FUNCTION_NOT_PRESENT = 3
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_STATUS_DEVICE_IDENTIFIER_INCORRECT = 4
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_STATUS_CRC_MISMATCH = 5

BrickletNFC->get_bootloader_mode()¶

Returns:	$mode – Type: int, Range: See constants

Returns the current bootloader mode, see set_bootloader_mode().

The following constants are available for this function:

For $mode:

• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_BOOTLOADER = 0
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE = 1
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_BOOTLOADER_WAIT_FOR_REBOOT = 2
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE_WAIT_FOR_REBOOT = 3
• BrickletNFC->BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE_WAIT_FOR_ERASE_AND_REBOOT = 4

BrickletNFC->set_write_firmware_pointer($pointer)¶

Parameters:	$pointer – Type: int, Unit: 1 B, Range: [0 to 232 - 1]
Returns:	undef

Sets the firmware pointer for write_firmware(). The pointer has to be increased by chunks of size 64. The data is written to flash every 4 chunks (which equals to one page of size 256).

This function is used by Brick Viewer during flashing. It should not be necessary to call it in a normal user program.

BrickletNFC->write_firmware(\@data)¶

Parameters:	\@data – Type: [int, ...], Length: 64, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	$status – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255]

Writes 64 Bytes of firmware at the position as written by set_write_firmware_pointer() before. The firmware is written to flash every 4 chunks.

You can only write firmware in bootloader mode.

This function is used by Brick Viewer during flashing. It should not be necessary to call it in a normal user program.

BrickletNFC->write_uid($uid)¶

Parameters:	$uid – Type: int, Range: [0 to 232 - 1]
Returns:	undef

Writes a new UID into flash. If you want to set a new UID you have to decode the Base58 encoded UID string into an integer first.

We recommend that you use Brick Viewer to change the UID.

BrickletNFC->read_uid()¶

Returns:	$uid – Type: int, Range: [0 to 232 - 1]

Returns the current UID as an integer. Encode as Base58 to get the usual string version.

Constants¶

BrickletNFC->DEVICE_IDENTIFIER¶

This constant is used to identify a NFC Bricklet.

The get_identity() function and the IPConnection->CALLBACK_ENUMERATE callback of the IP Connection have a device_identifier parameter to specify the Brick's or Bricklet's type.

BrickletNFC->DEVICE_DISPLAY_NAME¶

This constant represents the human readable name of a NFC Bricklet.