Perl - LCD 16x2 Bricklet¶

Hello World¶

Download (example_hello_world.pl)

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#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletLCD16x2;

use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'XYZ'; # Change XYZ to the UID of your LCD 16x2 Bricklet

my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
my $lcd = Tinkerforge::BrickletLCD16x2->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object

$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected

# Turn backlight on
$lcd->backlight_on();

# Write "Hello World"
$lcd->write_line(0, 0, "Hello World");

print "Press key to exit\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();

Button Callback¶

Download (example_button_callback.pl)

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#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletLCD16x2;

use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'XYZ'; # Change XYZ to the UID of your LCD 16x2 Bricklet

# Callback subroutine for button pressed callback
sub cb_button_pressed
{
    my ($button) = @_;

    print "Button Pressed: $button\n";
}

# Callback subroutine for button released callback
sub cb_button_released
{
    my ($button) = @_;

    print "Button Released: $button\n";
}

my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
my $lcd = Tinkerforge::BrickletLCD16x2->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object

$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected

# Register button pressed callback to subroutine cb_button_pressed
$lcd->register_callback($lcd->CALLBACK_BUTTON_PRESSED, 'cb_button_pressed');

# Register button released callback to subroutine cb_button_released
$lcd->register_callback($lcd->CALLBACK_BUTTON_RELEASED, 'cb_button_released');

print "Press key to exit\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();

Basic Functions¶

BrickletLCD16x2->new($uid, $ipcon)¶

Parameters:	$uid – Type: string $ipcon – Type: IPConnection
Returns:	$lcd_16x2 – Type: BrickletLCD16x2

Creates an object with the unique device ID $uid:

$lcd_16x2 = BrickletLCD16x2->new("YOUR_DEVICE_UID", $ipcon);

This object can then be used after the IP Connection is connected.

BrickletLCD16x2->write_line($line, $position, $text)¶

Parameters:	$line – Type: int, Range: [0 to 1] $position – Type: int, Range: [0 to 15] $text – Type: string, Length: up to 16
Returns:	undef

Writes text to a specific line with a specific position. The text can have a maximum of 16 characters.

For example: (0, 5, "Hello") will write Hello in the middle of the first line of the display.

The display uses a special charset that includes all ASCII characters except backslash and tilde. The LCD charset also includes several other non-ASCII characters, see the charset specification for details. The Unicode example above shows how to specify non-ASCII characters and how to translate from Unicode to the LCD charset.

BrickletLCD16x2->clear_display()¶

Returns:	undef

Deletes all characters from the display.

BrickletLCD16x2->backlight_on()¶

Returns:	undef

Turns the backlight on.

BrickletLCD16x2->backlight_off()¶

Returns:	undef

Turns the backlight off.

BrickletLCD16x2->is_backlight_on()¶

Returns:	$backlight – Type: bool

Returns true if the backlight is on and false otherwise.

Advanced Functions¶

BrickletLCD16x2->set_config($cursor, $blinking)¶

Parameters:	$cursor – Type: bool, Default: 0 $blinking – Type: bool, Default: 0
Returns:	undef

Configures if the cursor (shown as "_") should be visible and if it should be blinking (shown as a blinking block). The cursor position is one character behind the the last text written with write_line().

BrickletLCD16x2->get_config()¶

Return Array:	0: $cursor – Type: bool, Default: 0 1: $blinking – Type: bool, Default: 0

Returns the configuration as set by set_config().

BrickletLCD16x2->is_button_pressed($button)¶

Parameters:	$button – Type: int, Range: [0 to 2]
Returns:	$pressed – Type: bool

Returns true if the button is pressed.

If you want to react on button presses and releases it is recommended to use the CALLBACK_BUTTON_PRESSED and CALLBACK_BUTTON_RELEASED callbacks.

BrickletLCD16x2->set_custom_character($index, \@character)¶

Parameters:	$index – Type: int, Range: [0 to 7] \@character – Type: [int, ...], Length: 8, Range: [0 to 31]
Returns:	undef

The LCD 16x2 Bricklet can store up to 8 custom characters. The characters consist of 5x8 pixels and can be addressed with the index 0-7. To describe the pixels, the first 5 bits of 8 bytes are used. For example, to make a custom character "H", you should transfer the following:

• character[0] = 0b00010001 (decimal value 17)
• character[1] = 0b00010001 (decimal value 17)
• character[2] = 0b00010001 (decimal value 17)
• character[3] = 0b00011111 (decimal value 31)
• character[4] = 0b00010001 (decimal value 17)
• character[5] = 0b00010001 (decimal value 17)
• character[6] = 0b00010001 (decimal value 17)
• character[7] = 0b00000000 (decimal value 0)

The characters can later be written with write_line() by using the characters with the byte representation 8 ("\x08" or "\u0008") to 15 ("\x0F" or "\u000F").

You can play around with the custom characters in Brick Viewer since version 2.0.1.

Custom characters are stored by the LCD in RAM, so they have to be set after each startup.

New in version 2.0.1 (Plugin).

BrickletLCD16x2->get_custom_character($index)¶

Parameters:	$index – Type: int, Range: [0 to 7]
Returns:	\@character – Type: [int, ...], Length: 8, Range: [0 to 31]

Returns the custom character for a given index, as set with set_custom_character().

New in version 2.0.1 (Plugin).

BrickletLCD16x2->get_identity()¶

Return Array:

0: $uid – Type: string, Length: up to 8 1: $connected_uid – Type: string, Length: up to 8 2: $position – Type: char, Range: ['a' to 'h', 'z'] 3: \@hardware_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 4: \@firmware_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 5: $device_identifier – Type: int, Range: [0 to 216 - 1]

Returns the UID, the UID where the Bricklet is connected to, the position, the hardware and firmware version as well as the device identifier.

The position can be 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' or 'h' (Bricklet Port). A Bricklet connected to an Isolator Bricklet is always at position 'z'.

The device identifier numbers can be found here. There is also a constant for the device identifier of this Bricklet.

Callback Configuration Functions¶

BrickletLCD16x2->register_callback($callback_id, $function)¶

Parameters:	$callback_id – Type: int $function – Type: string
Returns:	undef

Registers the given $function name with the given $callback_id.

The available callback IDs with corresponding function signatures are listed below.

Callbacks¶

Callbacks can be registered to receive time critical or recurring data from the device. The registration is done with the register_callback() function of the device object. The first parameter is the callback ID and the second parameter the callback function name:

sub my_callback
{
    print "@_[0]";
}

$lcd_16x2->register_callback(BrickletLCD16x2->CALLBACK_EXAMPLE, 'my_callback')

The callback function will be called from an internal thread of the IP Connection. In contrast to many other programming languages, variables are not automatically shared between threads in Perl. If you want to share a global variable between a callback function and the rest for your program it has to be marked as :shared. See the documentation of the threads::shared Perl module for more details.

The available constants with inherent number and type of parameters are described below.

BrickletLCD16x2->CALLBACK_BUTTON_PRESSED¶

Callback Parameters:	$button – Type: int, Range: [0 to 2]

This callback is triggered when a button is pressed. The parameter is the number of the button.

BrickletLCD16x2->CALLBACK_BUTTON_RELEASED¶

Callback Parameters:	$button – Type: int, Range: [0 to 2]

This callback is triggered when a button is released. The parameter is the number of the button.

Virtual Functions¶

Virtual functions don't communicate with the device itself, but operate only on the API bindings device object. They can be called without the corresponding IP Connection object being connected.

BrickletLCD16x2->get_api_version()¶

Return Array:	0: \@api_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the version of the API definition implemented by this API bindings. This is neither the release version of this API bindings nor does it tell you anything about the represented Brick or Bricklet.

BrickletLCD16x2->get_response_expected($function_id)¶

Parameters:	$function_id – Type: int, Range: See constants
Returns:	$response_expected – Type: bool

Returns the response expected flag for the function specified by the function ID parameter. It is true if the function is expected to send a response, false otherwise.

For getter functions this is enabled by default and cannot be disabled, because those functions will always send a response. For callback configuration functions it is enabled by default too, but can be disabled by set_response_expected(). For setter functions it is disabled by default and can be enabled.

Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is sent and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $function_id:

• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_WRITE_LINE = 1
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_CLEAR_DISPLAY = 2
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_BACKLIGHT_ON = 3
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_BACKLIGHT_OFF = 4
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_SET_CONFIG = 6
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_SET_CUSTOM_CHARACTER = 11

BrickletLCD16x2->set_response_expected($function_id, $response_expected)¶

Parameters:	$function_id – Type: int, Range: See constants $response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	undef

Changes the response expected flag of the function specified by the function ID parameter. This flag can only be changed for setter (default value: false) and callback configuration functions (default value: true). For getter functions it is always enabled.

Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is sent and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $function_id:

• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_WRITE_LINE = 1
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_CLEAR_DISPLAY = 2
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_BACKLIGHT_ON = 3
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_BACKLIGHT_OFF = 4
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_SET_CONFIG = 6
• BrickletLCD16x2->FUNCTION_SET_CUSTOM_CHARACTER = 11

BrickletLCD16x2->set_response_expected_all($response_expected)¶

Parameters:	$response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	undef

Changes the response expected flag for all setter and callback configuration functions of this device at once.

Constants¶

BrickletLCD16x2->DEVICE_IDENTIFIER¶

This constant is used to identify a LCD 16x2 Bricklet.

The get_identity() function and the IPConnection->CALLBACK_ENUMERATE callback of the IP Connection have a device_identifier parameter to specify the Brick's or Bricklet's type.

BrickletLCD16x2->DEVICE_DISPLAY_NAME¶

This constant represents the human readable name of a LCD 16x2 Bricklet.