Perl - NFC/RFID Bricklet¶

Scan For Tags¶

Download (example_scan_for_tags.pl)

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#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletNFCRFID;

use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'XYZ'; # Change XYZ to the UID of your NFC/RFID Bricklet

my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
our $nr = Tinkerforge::BrickletNFCRFID->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object
our $current_tag_type = 0;

# Callback subroutine for state changed callback
sub cb_state_changed
{
    my ($state, $idle) = @_;

    if($state == $nr->STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_READY) {
        my ($tag_type, $tid_length, $tid) = $nr->get_tag_id();
        my $s = "Found tag of type " . $tag_type . " with ID [" . sprintf("%x", @{$tid}[0]);

        for(my $i = 1; $i < $tid_length; $i++) {
            $s = $s . " " . sprintf("%x", @{$tid}[$i]);
        }

        $s = $s . "]\n";

        print $s;
    }

    # Cycle through all types
    if($idle) {
        $current_tag_type = ($current_tag_type + 1) % 3;
        $nr->request_tag_id($current_tag_type);
    }
}

$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected

# Register state changed callback to subroutine cb_state_changed
$nr->register_callback($nr->CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED, 'cb_state_changed');

# Start scan loop
$nr->request_tag_id($nr->TAG_TYPE_MIFARE_CLASSIC);

print "Press key to exit\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();

Write Read Type2¶

Download (example_write_read_type2.pl)

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#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletNFCRFID;

use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'XYZ'; # Change XYZ to the UID of your NFC/RFID Bricklet

my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
our $nr = Tinkerforge::BrickletNFCRFID->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object

# Callback subroutine for state changed callback
sub cb_state_changed
{
    my ($state, $idle) = @_;

    if($state == Tinkerforge::BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_READY) {
        print "Tag found\n";

        # Write 16 byte to pages 5-8
        my @data_write = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15];

        $nr->write_page(5, @data_write);
        print "Writing data...\n";
    } elsif($state == Tinkerforge::BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_WRITE_PAGE_READY) {
        # Request pages 5-8
        $nr->request_page(5);
        print "Requesting data...\n";
    } elsif($state == Tinkerforge::BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_READY) {
        # Get and print pages
        my @data = $nr->get_page();
        my $s = "Read data: [" . $data[0];

        for(my $i = 1; $i < scalar @data; $i++) {
            $s = $s . " " . $data[$i];
        }

        $s = $s . "]\n";

        print $s;
    } elsif(($state & (1 << 6)) == (1 << 6)) {
        # All errors have bit 6 set
        print "Error: " . $state . "\n";
    }
}

$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected

# Register state changed callback to subroutine cb_state_changed
$nr->register_callback($nr->CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED, 'cb_state_changed');

# Select NFC Forum Type 2 tag
$nr->request_tag_id($nr->TAG_TYPE_TYPE2);

print "Press key to exit\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();

Basic Functions¶

BrickletNFCRFID->new($uid, $ipcon)¶

Parameters:	$uid – Type: string $ipcon – Type: IPConnection
Returns:	$nfc_rfid – Type: BrickletNFCRFID

Creates an object with the unique device ID $uid:

$nfc_rfid = BrickletNFCRFID->new("YOUR_DEVICE_UID", $ipcon);

This object can then be used after the IP Connection is connected.

BrickletNFCRFID->request_tag_id($tag_type)¶

Parameters:	$tag_type – Type: int, Range: See constants
Returns:	undef

To read or write a tag that is in proximity of the NFC/RFID Bricklet you first have to call this function with the expected tag type as parameter. It is no problem if you don't know the tag type. You can cycle through the available tag types until the tag gives an answer to the request.

Currently the following tag types are supported:

• Mifare Classic
• NFC Forum Type 1
• NFC Forum Type 2

After you call request_tag_id() the NFC/RFID Bricklet will try to read the tag ID from the tag. After this process is done the state will change. You can either register the CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED callback or you can poll get_state() to find out about the state change.

If the state changes to RequestTagIDError it means that either there was no tag present or that the tag is of an incompatible type. If the state changes to RequestTagIDReady it means that a compatible tag was found and that the tag ID could be read out. You can now get the tag ID by calling get_tag_id().

If two tags are in the proximity of the NFC/RFID Bricklet, this function will cycle through the tags. To select a specific tag you have to call request_tag_id() until the correct tag id is found.

In case of any Error state the selection is lost and you have to start again by calling request_tag_id().

The following constants are available for this function:

For $tag_type:

• BrickletNFCRFID->TAG_TYPE_MIFARE_CLASSIC = 0
• BrickletNFCRFID->TAG_TYPE_TYPE1 = 1
• BrickletNFCRFID->TAG_TYPE_TYPE2 = 2

BrickletNFCRFID->get_tag_id()¶

Return Array:	0: $tag_type – Type: int, Range: See constants 1: $tid_length – Type: int, Range: [4, 7] 2: \@tid – Type: [int, ...], Length: 7, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the tag type, tag ID and the length of the tag ID (4 or 7 bytes are possible length). This function can only be called if the NFC/RFID is currently in one of the Ready states. The returned ID is the ID that was saved through the last call of request_tag_id().

To get the tag ID of a tag the approach is as follows:

1. Call request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to RequestTagIDReady (see get_state() or CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. Call get_tag_id()

The following constants are available for this function:

For $tag_type:

• BrickletNFCRFID->TAG_TYPE_MIFARE_CLASSIC = 0
• BrickletNFCRFID->TAG_TYPE_TYPE1 = 1
• BrickletNFCRFID->TAG_TYPE_TYPE2 = 2

BrickletNFCRFID->get_state()¶

Return Array:	0: $state – Type: int, Range: See constants 1: $idle – Type: bool

Returns the current state of the NFC/RFID Bricklet.

On startup the Bricklet will be in the Initialization state. The initialization will only take about 20ms. After that it changes to Idle.

The functions of this Bricklet can be called in the Idle state and all of the Ready and Error states.

Example: If you call request_page(), the state will change to RequestPage until the reading of the page is finished. Then it will change to either RequestPageReady if it worked or to RequestPageError if it didn't. If the request worked you can get the page by calling get_page().

The same approach is used analogously for the other API functions.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $state:

• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_INITIALIZATION = 0
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_IDLE = 128
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_ERROR = 192
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID = 2
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_READY = 130
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_ERROR = 194
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_AUTHENTICATING_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE = 3
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_AUTHENTICATING_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE_READY = 131
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_AUTHENTICATING_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE_ERROR = 195
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_WRITE_PAGE = 4
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_WRITE_PAGE_READY = 132
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_WRITE_PAGE_ERROR = 196
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_PAGE = 5
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_READY = 133
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_ERROR = 197

BrickletNFCRFID->authenticate_mifare_classic_page($page, $key_number, \@key)¶

Parameters:	$page – Type: int, Range: [0 to 216 - 1] $key_number – Type: int, Range: See constants \@key – Type: [int, ...], Length: 6, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	undef

Mifare Classic tags use authentication. If you want to read from or write to a Mifare Classic page you have to authenticate it beforehand. Each page can be authenticated with two keys: A (key_number = 0) and B (key_number = 1). A new Mifare Classic tag that has not yet been written to can be accessed with key A and the default key [0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF].

The approach to read or write a Mifare Classic page is as follows:

1. Call request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to RequestTagIDReady (see get_state() or CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. If looking for a specific tag then call get_tag_id() and check if the expected tag was found, if it was not found go back to step 1
4. Call authenticate_mifare_classic_page() with page and key for the page
5. Wait for state to change to AuthenticatingMifareClassicPageReady (see get_state() or CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED callback)
6. Call request_page() or write_page() to read/write page

The following constants are available for this function:

For $key_number:

• BrickletNFCRFID->KEY_A = 0
• BrickletNFCRFID->KEY_B = 1

BrickletNFCRFID->write_page($page, \@data)¶

Parameters:	$page – Type: int, Range: [0 to 216 - 1] \@data – Type: [int, ...], Length: 16, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	undef

Writes 16 bytes starting from the given page. How many pages are written depends on the tag type. The page sizes are as follows:

• Mifare Classic page size: 16 byte (one page is written)
• NFC Forum Type 1 page size: 8 byte (two pages are written)
• NFC Forum Type 2 page size: 4 byte (four pages are written)

The general approach for writing to a tag is as follows:

1. Call request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to RequestTagIDReady (see get_state() or CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. If looking for a specific tag then call get_tag_id() and check if the expected tag was found, if it was not found got back to step 1
4. Call write_page() with page number and data
5. Wait for state to change to WritePageReady (see get_state() or CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED callback)

If you use a Mifare Classic tag you have to authenticate a page before you can write to it. See authenticate_mifare_classic_page().

BrickletNFCRFID->request_page($page)¶

Parameters:	$page – Type: int, Range: [0 to 216 - 1]
Returns:	undef

Reads 16 bytes starting from the given page and stores them into a buffer. The buffer can then be read out with get_page(). How many pages are read depends on the tag type. The page sizes are as follows:

• Mifare Classic page size: 16 byte (one page is read)
• NFC Forum Type 1 page size: 8 byte (two pages are read)
• NFC Forum Type 2 page size: 4 byte (four pages are read)

The general approach for reading a tag is as follows:

1. Call request_tag_id()
2. Wait for state to change to RequestTagIDReady (see get_state() or CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED callback)
3. If looking for a specific tag then call get_tag_id() and check if the expected tag was found, if it was not found got back to step 1
4. Call request_page() with page number
5. Wait for state to change to RequestPageReady (see get_state() or CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED callback)
6. Call get_page() to retrieve the page from the buffer

If you use a Mifare Classic tag you have to authenticate a page before you can read it. See authenticate_mifare_classic_page().

BrickletNFCRFID->get_page()¶

Returns:	\@data – Type: [int, ...], Length: 16, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns 16 bytes of data from an internal buffer. To fill the buffer with specific pages you have to call request_page() beforehand.

Advanced Functions¶

BrickletNFCRFID->get_identity()¶

Return Array:

0: $uid – Type: string, Length: up to 8 1: $connected_uid – Type: string, Length: up to 8 2: $position – Type: char, Range: ['a' to 'h', 'z'] 3: \@hardware_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 4: \@firmware_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 5: $device_identifier – Type: int, Range: [0 to 216 - 1]

Returns the UID, the UID where the Bricklet is connected to, the position, the hardware and firmware version as well as the device identifier.

The position can be 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' or 'h' (Bricklet Port). A Bricklet connected to an Isolator Bricklet is always at position 'z'.

The device identifier numbers can be found here. There is also a constant for the device identifier of this Bricklet.

Callback Configuration Functions¶

BrickletNFCRFID->register_callback($callback_id, $function)¶

Parameters:	$callback_id – Type: int $function – Type: string
Returns:	undef

Registers the given $function name with the given $callback_id.

The available callback IDs with corresponding function signatures are listed below.

Callbacks¶

Callbacks can be registered to receive time critical or recurring data from the device. The registration is done with the register_callback() function of the device object. The first parameter is the callback ID and the second parameter the callback function name:

sub my_callback
{
    print "@_[0]";
}

$nfc_rfid->register_callback(BrickletNFCRFID->CALLBACK_EXAMPLE, 'my_callback')

The callback function will be called from an internal thread of the IP Connection. In contrast to many other programming languages, variables are not automatically shared between threads in Perl. If you want to share a global variable between a callback function and the rest for your program it has to be marked as :shared. See the documentation of the threads::shared Perl module for more details.

The available constants with inherent number and type of parameters are described below.

BrickletNFCRFID->CALLBACK_STATE_CHANGED¶

Callback Parameters:	$state – Type: int, Range: See constants $idle – Type: bool

This callback is called if the state of the NFC/RFID Bricklet changes. See get_state() for more information about the possible states.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $state:

• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_INITIALIZATION = 0
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_IDLE = 128
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_ERROR = 192
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID = 2
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_READY = 130
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_TAG_ID_ERROR = 194
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_AUTHENTICATING_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE = 3
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_AUTHENTICATING_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE_READY = 131
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_AUTHENTICATING_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE_ERROR = 195
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_WRITE_PAGE = 4
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_WRITE_PAGE_READY = 132
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_WRITE_PAGE_ERROR = 196
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_PAGE = 5
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_READY = 133
• BrickletNFCRFID->STATE_REQUEST_PAGE_ERROR = 197

Virtual Functions¶

Virtual functions don't communicate with the device itself, but operate only on the API bindings device object. They can be called without the corresponding IP Connection object being connected.

BrickletNFCRFID->get_api_version()¶

Return Array:	0: \@api_version – Type: [int, ...], Length: 3 0: $major – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 1: $minor – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255] 2: $revision – Type: int, Range: [0 to 255]

Returns the version of the API definition implemented by this API bindings. This is neither the release version of this API bindings nor does it tell you anything about the represented Brick or Bricklet.

BrickletNFCRFID->get_response_expected($function_id)¶

Parameters:	$function_id – Type: int, Range: See constants
Returns:	$response_expected – Type: bool

Returns the response expected flag for the function specified by the function ID parameter. It is true if the function is expected to send a response, false otherwise.

For getter functions this is enabled by default and cannot be disabled, because those functions will always send a response. For callback configuration functions it is enabled by default too, but can be disabled by set_response_expected(). For setter functions it is disabled by default and can be enabled.

Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is sent and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $function_id:

• BrickletNFCRFID->FUNCTION_REQUEST_TAG_ID = 1
• BrickletNFCRFID->FUNCTION_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE = 4
• BrickletNFCRFID->FUNCTION_WRITE_PAGE = 5
• BrickletNFCRFID->FUNCTION_REQUEST_PAGE = 6

BrickletNFCRFID->set_response_expected($function_id, $response_expected)¶

Parameters:	$function_id – Type: int, Range: See constants $response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	undef

Changes the response expected flag of the function specified by the function ID parameter. This flag can only be changed for setter (default value: false) and callback configuration functions (default value: true). For getter functions it is always enabled.

Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is sent and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

The following constants are available for this function:

For $function_id:

• BrickletNFCRFID->FUNCTION_REQUEST_TAG_ID = 1
• BrickletNFCRFID->FUNCTION_AUTHENTICATE_MIFARE_CLASSIC_PAGE = 4
• BrickletNFCRFID->FUNCTION_WRITE_PAGE = 5
• BrickletNFCRFID->FUNCTION_REQUEST_PAGE = 6

BrickletNFCRFID->set_response_expected_all($response_expected)¶

Parameters:	$response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	undef

Changes the response expected flag for all setter and callback configuration functions of this device at once.

Constants¶

BrickletNFCRFID->DEVICE_IDENTIFIER¶

This constant is used to identify a NFC/RFID Bricklet.

The get_identity() function and the IPConnection->CALLBACK_ENUMERATE callback of the IP Connection have a device_identifier parameter to specify the Brick's or Bricklet's type.

BrickletNFCRFID->DEVICE_DISPLAY_NAME¶

This constant represents the human readable name of a NFC/RFID Bricklet.