Software / API Bindings / C/C++ / API Reference and Examples / Bricklets / Motion Detector Bricklet 2.0

C/C++ - Motion Detector Bricklet 2.0¶

This is the description of the C/C++ API bindings for the Motion Detector Bricklet 2.0. General information and technical specifications for the Motion Detector Bricklet 2.0 are summarized in its hardware description.

An installation guide for the C/C++ API bindings is part of their general description.

Examples¶

The example code below is Public Domain (CC0 1.0).

Indicator¶

Download (example_indicator.c)

#include <stdio.h>

#include "ip_connection.h"
#include "bricklet_motion_detector_v2.h"

#define HOST "localhost"
#define PORT 4223
#define UID "XYZ" // Change XYZ to the UID of your Motion Detector Bricklet 2.0

int main(void) {
    // Create IP connection
    IPConnection ipcon;
    ipcon_create(&ipcon);

    // Create device object
    MotionDetectorV2 md;
    motion_detector_v2_create(&md, UID, &ipcon);

    // Connect to brickd
    if(ipcon_connect(&ipcon, HOST, PORT) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not connect\n");
        return 1;
    }
    // Don't use device before ipcon is connected

    // Turn blue backlight LEDs on (maximum brightness)
    motion_detector_v2_set_indicator(&md, 255, 255, 255);

    printf("Press key to exit\n");
    getchar();
    motion_detector_v2_destroy(&md);
    ipcon_destroy(&ipcon); // Calls ipcon_disconnect internally
    return 0;
}

Callback¶

Download (example_callback.c)

#include <stdio.h>

#include "ip_connection.h"
#include "bricklet_motion_detector_v2.h"

#define HOST "localhost"
#define PORT 4223
#define UID "XYZ" // Change XYZ to the UID of your Motion Detector Bricklet 2.0

// Callback function for motion detected callback
void cb_motion_detected(void *user_data) {
    (void)user_data; // avoid unused parameter warning

    printf("Motion Detected\n");
}

// Callback function for detection cycle ended callback
void cb_detection_cycle_ended(void *user_data) {
    (void)user_data; // avoid unused parameter warning

    printf("Detection Cycle Ended (next detection possible in ~2 seconds)\n");
}

int main(void) {
    // Create IP connection
    IPConnection ipcon;
    ipcon_create(&ipcon);

    // Create device object
    MotionDetectorV2 md;
    motion_detector_v2_create(&md, UID, &ipcon);

    // Connect to brickd
    if(ipcon_connect(&ipcon, HOST, PORT) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not connect\n");
        return 1;
    }
    // Don't use device before ipcon is connected

    // Register motion detected callback to function cb_motion_detected
    motion_detector_v2_register_callback(&md,
                                         MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_CALLBACK_MOTION_DETECTED,
                                         (void (*)(void))cb_motion_detected,
                                         NULL);

    // Register detection cycle ended callback to function cb_detection_cycle_ended
    motion_detector_v2_register_callback(&md,
                                         MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_CALLBACK_DETECTION_CYCLE_ENDED,
                                         (void (*)(void))cb_detection_cycle_ended,
                                         NULL);

    printf("Press key to exit\n");
    getchar();
    motion_detector_v2_destroy(&md);
    ipcon_destroy(&ipcon); // Calls ipcon_disconnect internally
    return 0;
}

API¶

Most functions of the C/C++ bindings return an error code (e_code). Data returned from the device, when a getter is called, is handled via output parameters. These parameters are labeled with the ret_ prefix.

Possible error codes are:

E_OK = 0
E_TIMEOUT = -1
E_NO_STREAM_SOCKET = -2
E_HOSTNAME_INVALID = -3
E_NO_CONNECT = -4
E_NO_THREAD = -5
E_NOT_ADDED = -6 (unused since C/C++ bindings version 2.0.0)
E_ALREADY_CONNECTED = -7
E_NOT_CONNECTED = -8
E_INVALID_PARAMETER = -9
E_NOT_SUPPORTED = -10
E_UNKNOWN_ERROR_CODE = -11
E_STREAM_OUT_OF_SYNC = -12
E_INVALID_UID = -13
E_NON_ASCII_CHAR_IN_SECRET = -14
E_WRONG_DEVICE_TYPE = -15
E_DEVICE_REPLACED = -16
E_WRONG_RESPONSE_LENGTH = -17

as defined in ip_connection.h.

All functions listed below are thread-safe.

Basic Functions¶

void motion_detector_v2_create(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, const char *uid, IPConnection *ipcon)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * uid – Type: const char * ipcon – Type: IPConnection *

Creates the device object motion_detector_v2 with the unique device ID uid and adds it to the IPConnection ipcon:

MotionDetectorV2 motion_detector_v2;
motion_detector_v2_create(&motion_detector_v2, "YOUR_DEVICE_UID", &ipcon);

This device object can be used after the IP connection has been connected.

void motion_detector_v2_destroy(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *

Removes the device object motion_detector_v2 from its IPConnection and destroys it. The device object cannot be used anymore afterwards.

int motion_detector_v2_get_motion_detected(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t *ret_motion)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_motion – Type: uint8_t, Range: See constants
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns 1 if a motion was detected. It returns 1 approx. for 1.8 seconds until the sensor checks for a new movement.

The following constants are available for this function:

For ret_motion:

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_MOTION_NOT_DETECTED = 0
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_MOTION_DETECTED = 1

int motion_detector_v2_set_sensitivity(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t sensitivity)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * sensitivity – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 100], Default: 50
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Sets the sensitivity of the PIR sensor. At full sensitivity (100), the Bricklet can detect motion in a range of approximately 12m.

The actual range depends on many things in the environment (e.g. reflections) and the size of the object to be detected. While a big person might be detected in a range of 10m a cat may only be detected at 2m distance with the same setting.

So you will have to find a good sensitivity for your application by trial and error.

int motion_detector_v2_get_sensitivity(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t *ret_sensitivity)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_sensitivity – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 100], Default: 50
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the sensitivity as set by motion_detector_v2_set_sensitivity().

int motion_detector_v2_set_indicator(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t top_left, uint8_t top_right, uint8_t bottom)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * top_left – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255], Default: 0 top_right – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255], Default: 0 bottom – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255], Default: 0
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Sets the blue backlight of the fresnel lens. The backlight consists of three LEDs. The brightness of each LED can be controlled with a 8-bit value (0-255). A value of 0 turns the LED off and a value of 255 turns the LED to full brightness.

int motion_detector_v2_get_indicator(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t *ret_top_left, uint8_t *ret_top_right, uint8_t *ret_bottom)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_top_left – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255], Default: 0 ret_top_right – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255], Default: 0 ret_bottom – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255], Default: 0
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the indicator configuration as set by motion_detector_v2_set_indicator().

Advanced Functions¶

int motion_detector_v2_get_spitfp_error_count(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint32_t *ret_error_count_ack_checksum, uint32_t *ret_error_count_message_checksum, uint32_t *ret_error_count_frame, uint32_t *ret_error_count_overflow)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_error_count_ack_checksum – Type: uint32_t, Range: [0 to 2³² - 1] ret_error_count_message_checksum – Type: uint32_t, Range: [0 to 2³² - 1] ret_error_count_frame – Type: uint32_t, Range: [0 to 2³² - 1] ret_error_count_overflow – Type: uint32_t, Range: [0 to 2³² - 1]
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the error count for the communication between Brick and Bricklet.

The errors are divided into

ACK checksum errors,
message checksum errors,
framing errors and
overflow errors.

The errors counts are for errors that occur on the Bricklet side. All Bricks have a similar function that returns the errors on the Brick side.

int motion_detector_v2_set_status_led_config(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t config)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * config – Type: uint8_t, Range: See constants, Default: 3
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Sets the status LED configuration. By default the LED shows communication traffic between Brick and Bricklet, it flickers once for every 10 received data packets.

You can also turn the LED permanently on/off or show a heartbeat.

If the Bricklet is in bootloader mode, the LED is will show heartbeat by default.

The following constants are available for this function:

For config:

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_STATUS_LED_CONFIG_OFF = 0
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_STATUS_LED_CONFIG_ON = 1
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_STATUS_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_HEARTBEAT = 2
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_STATUS_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_STATUS = 3

int motion_detector_v2_get_status_led_config(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t *ret_config)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_config – Type: uint8_t, Range: See constants, Default: 3
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the configuration as set by motion_detector_v2_set_status_led_config()

The following constants are available for this function:

For ret_config:

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_STATUS_LED_CONFIG_OFF = 0
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_STATUS_LED_CONFIG_ON = 1
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_STATUS_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_HEARTBEAT = 2
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_STATUS_LED_CONFIG_SHOW_STATUS = 3

int motion_detector_v2_get_chip_temperature(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, int16_t *ret_temperature)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_temperature – Type: int16_t, Unit: 1 °C, Range: [-2¹⁵ to 2¹⁵ - 1]
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the temperature as measured inside the microcontroller. The value returned is not the ambient temperature!

The temperature is only proportional to the real temperature and it has bad accuracy. Practically it is only useful as an indicator for temperature changes.

int motion_detector_v2_reset(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Calling this function will reset the Bricklet. All configurations will be lost.

After a reset you have to create new device objects, calling functions on the existing ones will result in undefined behavior!

int motion_detector_v2_get_identity(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, char ret_uid[8], char ret_connected_uid[8], char *ret_position, uint8_t ret_hardware_version[3], uint8_t ret_firmware_version[3], uint16_t *ret_device_identifier)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_uid – Type: char[8] ret_connected_uid – Type: char[8] ret_position – Type: char, Range: ['a' to 'h', 'z'] ret_hardware_version – Type: uint8_t[3] 0: major – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255] 1: minor – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255] 2: revision – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255] ret_firmware_version – Type: uint8_t[3] 0: major – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255] 1: minor – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255] 2: revision – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255] ret_device_identifier – Type: uint16_t, Range: [0 to 2¹⁶ - 1]
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the UID, the UID where the Bricklet is connected to, the position, the hardware and firmware version as well as the device identifier.

The position can be 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' or 'h' (Bricklet Port). A Bricklet connected to an Isolator Bricklet is always at position 'z'.

The device identifier numbers can be found here. There is also a constant for the device identifier of this Bricklet.

Callback Configuration Functions¶

void motion_detector_v2_register_callback(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, int16_t callback_id, void (*function)(void), void *user_data)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * callback_id – Type: int16_t function – Type: void ()(void) user_data* – Type: void *

Registers the given function with the given callback_id. The user_data will be passed as the last parameter to the function.

The available callback IDs with corresponding function signatures are listed below.

Callbacks¶

Callbacks can be registered to receive time critical or recurring data from the device. The registration is done with the motion_detector_v2_register_callback() function:

void my_callback(int value, void *user_data) {
    printf("Value: %d\n", value);
}

motion_detector_v2_register_callback(&motion_detector_v2,
                                     MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_CALLBACK_EXAMPLE,
                                     (void (*)(void))my_callback,
                                     NULL);

The available constants with corresponding function signatures are described below.

Note

Using callbacks for recurring events is always preferred compared to using getters. It will use less USB bandwidth and the latency will be a lot better, since there is no round trip time.

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_CALLBACK_MOTION_DETECTED¶

void callback(void *user_data)

Callback Parameters:	user_data – Type: void *

This callback is called after a motion was detected.

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_CALLBACK_DETECTION_CYCLE_ENDED¶

void callback(void *user_data)

Callback Parameters:	user_data – Type: void *

This callback is called when the detection cycle ended. When this callback is called, a new motion can be detected again after approximately 2 seconds.

Virtual Functions¶

Virtual functions don't communicate with the device itself, but operate only on the API bindings device object. They can be called without the corresponding IP Connection object being connected.

int motion_detector_v2_get_api_version(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t ret_api_version[3])¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_api_version – Type: uint8_t[3] 0: major – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255] 1: minor – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255] 2: revision – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the version of the API definition implemented by this API bindings. This is neither the release version of this API bindings nor does it tell you anything about the represented Brick or Bricklet.

int motion_detector_v2_get_response_expected(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t function_id, bool *ret_response_expected)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * function_id – Type: uint8_t, Range: See constants
Output Parameters:	ret_response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the response expected flag for the function specified by the function ID parameter. It is true if the function is expected to send a response, false otherwise.

For getter functions this is enabled by default and cannot be disabled, because those functions will always send a response. For callback configuration functions it is enabled by default too, but can be disabled by motion_detector_v2_set_response_expected(). For setter functions it is disabled by default and can be enabled.

Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is sent and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

The following constants are available for this function:

For function_id:

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_SET_SENSITIVITY = 2
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_SET_INDICATOR = 4
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_SET_WRITE_FIRMWARE_POINTER = 237
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_SET_STATUS_LED_CONFIG = 239
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_RESET = 243
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_WRITE_UID = 248

int motion_detector_v2_set_response_expected(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t function_id, bool response_expected)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * function_id – Type: uint8_t, Range: See constants response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Changes the response expected flag of the function specified by the function ID parameter. This flag can only be changed for setter (default value: false) and callback configuration functions (default value: true). For getter functions it is always enabled.

The following constants are available for this function:

For function_id:

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_SET_SENSITIVITY = 2
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_SET_INDICATOR = 4
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_SET_WRITE_FIRMWARE_POINTER = 237
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_SET_STATUS_LED_CONFIG = 239
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_RESET = 243
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_FUNCTION_WRITE_UID = 248

int motion_detector_v2_set_response_expected_all(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, bool response_expected)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * response_expected – Type: bool
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Changes the response expected flag for all setter and callback configuration functions of this device at once.

Internal Functions¶

Internal functions are used for maintenance tasks such as flashing a new firmware of changing the UID of a Bricklet. These task should be performed using Brick Viewer instead of using the internal functions directly.

int motion_detector_v2_set_bootloader_mode(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t mode, uint8_t *ret_status)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * mode – Type: uint8_t, Range: See constants
Output Parameters:	ret_status – Type: uint8_t, Range: See constants
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Sets the bootloader mode and returns the status after the requested mode change was instigated.

You can change from bootloader mode to firmware mode and vice versa. A change from bootloader mode to firmware mode will only take place if the entry function, device identifier and CRC are present and correct.

This function is used by Brick Viewer during flashing. It should not be necessary to call it in a normal user program.

The following constants are available for this function:

For mode:

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_BOOTLOADER = 0
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE = 1
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_BOOTLOADER_WAIT_FOR_REBOOT = 2
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE_WAIT_FOR_REBOOT = 3
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE_WAIT_FOR_ERASE_AND_REBOOT = 4

For ret_status:

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_STATUS_OK = 0
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_STATUS_INVALID_MODE = 1
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_STATUS_NO_CHANGE = 2
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_STATUS_ENTRY_FUNCTION_NOT_PRESENT = 3
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_STATUS_DEVICE_IDENTIFIER_INCORRECT = 4
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_STATUS_CRC_MISMATCH = 5

int motion_detector_v2_get_bootloader_mode(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t *ret_mode)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_mode – Type: uint8_t, Range: See constants
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the current bootloader mode, see motion_detector_v2_set_bootloader_mode().

The following constants are available for this function:

For ret_mode:

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_BOOTLOADER = 0
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE = 1
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_BOOTLOADER_WAIT_FOR_REBOOT = 2
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE_WAIT_FOR_REBOOT = 3
MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_BOOTLOADER_MODE_FIRMWARE_WAIT_FOR_ERASE_AND_REBOOT = 4

int motion_detector_v2_set_write_firmware_pointer(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint32_t pointer)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * pointer – Type: uint32_t, Unit: 1 B, Range: [0 to 2³² - 1]
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Sets the firmware pointer for motion_detector_v2_write_firmware(). The pointer has to be increased by chunks of size 64. The data is written to flash every 4 chunks (which equals to one page of size 256).

This function is used by Brick Viewer during flashing. It should not be necessary to call it in a normal user program.

int motion_detector_v2_write_firmware(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint8_t data[64], uint8_t *ret_status)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * data – Type: uint8_t[64], Range: [0 to 255]
Output Parameters:	ret_status – Type: uint8_t, Range: [0 to 255]
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Writes 64 Bytes of firmware at the position as written by motion_detector_v2_set_write_firmware_pointer() before. The firmware is written to flash every 4 chunks.

You can only write firmware in bootloader mode.

This function is used by Brick Viewer during flashing. It should not be necessary to call it in a normal user program.

int motion_detector_v2_write_uid(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint32_t uid)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 * uid – Type: uint32_t, Range: [0 to 2³² - 1]
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Writes a new UID into flash. If you want to set a new UID you have to decode the Base58 encoded UID string into an integer first.

We recommend that you use Brick Viewer to change the UID.

int motion_detector_v2_read_uid(MotionDetectorV2 *motion_detector_v2, uint32_t *ret_uid)¶

Parameters:	motion_detector_v2 – Type: MotionDetectorV2 *
Output Parameters:	ret_uid – Type: uint32_t, Range: [0 to 2³² - 1]
Returns:	e_code – Type: int

Returns the current UID as an integer. Encode as Base58 to get the usual string version.

Constants¶

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_DEVICE_IDENTIFIER¶

This constant is used to identify a Motion Detector Bricklet 2.0.

The motion_detector_v2_get_identity() function and the IPCON_CALLBACK_ENUMERATE callback of the IP Connection have a device_identifier parameter to specify the Brick's or Bricklet's type.

MOTION_DETECTOR_V2_DEVICE_DISPLAY_NAME¶: This constant represents the human readable name of a Motion Detector Bricklet 2.0.